What is chemical bonding and What is dative bond ?

What is chemical bonding ?

The force of attraction by which two or more atoms combine together to form stable molecules or ionic cluster , is called chemical bonding .

Chemical bonding involves the union of two or more atoms through redistribution of electrons in their outer shells involving either transference of electrons from one atom to another or sharing of electrons among themselves so that all the atoms acquire the stable noble gas configuration of minimum energy .

What is dative bond ?

A different type of covalent bond which can be formed when both the electrons for sharing between the atoms are contributed by one atom only. This type of bond is known as dative bond. Dative bond is also called co-ordinate covalent bond.

Condition for the formation of dative bond.

A dative bond is formed between two atoms one of which has a complete octet and at the same time possesses at least one pair of unshared electrons while the other is short of the electrons .

The former atom contributes one such pair of electrons for mutual sharing between the two atoms as a result of which the second atom also completes its octet and acquires a stable noble gas configuration.

The atom which contributes the pair of electrons is known as the donor and the atom which accepts these electrons is called the acceptor. The free pair of of electrons is known as the lone pair.

The dative bond is conventionally represented by an arrow pointing from the donor to the acceptor .